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If your prospecting site is near a gold-rich river or stream, keep in mind that gold is heavy and may have eroded out of the banks or any nearby high places.

It is a very heavy and strong crystalline-looking mineral that usually occurs in white, though it may also be clear, pink or gray.

Set your metal detector to find gold and slowly wave it back and forth over the veins of quartz. While this step is optional, it can help you determine where the most gold is and also provide encouragement that gold is actually there.

Visually examine the quartz looking for gold. Keep your eyes peeled for loose quartz that has already eroded out of the surrounding rock, as these pieces may also contain gold.

Before collecting rocks, and especially before using your hammer and chisel, find out what the local laws are regarding prospecting and collecting.

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Use your hammer and chisel to remove the gold-laden quartz from the surrounding rock. Things You'll Need. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.

Veins are classically thought of as being the result of growth of crystals on the walls of planar fractures in rocks, with the crystal growth occurring normal to the walls of the cavity, and the crystal protruding into open space.

This certainly is the method for the formation of some veins. However, it is rare in geology for significant open space to remain open in large volumes of rock, especially several kilometers below the surface.

Thus, there are two main mechanisms considered likely for the formation of veins: open-space filling and crack-seal growth. Open space filling is the hallmark of epithermal vein systems, such as a stockwork , in greisens or in certain skarn environments.

For open space filling to take effect, the confining pressure is generally considered to be below 0. Veins formed in this way may exhibit a colloform , agate -like habit, of sequential selvages of minerals which radiate out from nucleation points on the vein walls and appear to fill up the available open space.

Often evidence of fluid boiling is present. Vugs , cavities and geodes are all examples of open-space filling phenomena in hydrothermal systems. Alternatively, hydraulic fracturing may create a breccia which is filled with vein material.

Such breccia vein systems may be quite extensive, and can form the shape of tabular dipping sheets, diatremes or laterally extensive mantos controlled by boundaries such as thrust faults , competent sedimentary layers , or cap rocks.

When the confining pressure is too great, or when brittle - ductile rheological conditions predominate, vein formation occurs via crack-seal mechanisms.

Crack-seal veins are thought to form quite quickly during deformation by precipitation of minerals within incipient fractures. This happens swiftly by geologic standards, because pressures and deformation mean that large open spaces cannot be maintained; generally the space is in the order of millimeters or micrometers.

Veins grow in thickness by reopening of the vein fracture and progressive deposition of minerals on the growth surface. Veins generally need either hydraulic pressure in excess of hydrostatic pressure to form hydraulic fractures or hydrofracture breccias or they need open spaces or fractures, which requires a plane of extension within the rock mass.

In all cases except brecciation, therefore, a vein measures the plane of extension within the rock mass, give or take a sizeable bit of error.

Measurement of enough veins will statistically form a plane of principal extension. In ductilely deforming compressional regimes, this can in turn give information on the stresses active at the time of vein formation.

In extensionally deforming regimes, the veins occur roughly normal to the axis of extension. Veins are of prime importance to mineral deposits, because they are the source of mineralisation either in or proximal to the veins.

Typical examples include gold lodes , as well as skarn mineralisation. Hydrofracture breccias are classic targets for ore exploration as there is plenty of fluid flow and open space to deposit ore minerals.

In many gold mines exploited during the gold rushes of the 19th century, vein material alone was typically sought as ore material.

The difference between 19th-century and 21st-century mining techniques and the type of ore sought is based on the grade of material being mined and the methods of mining which are used.

Historically, hand-mining of gold ores permitted the miners to pick out the lode quartz or reef quartz, allowing the highest-grade portions of the lodes to be worked, without dilution from the unmineralised wall rocks.

Today's mining, which uses larger machinery and equipment, forces the miners to take low-grade waste rock in with the ore material, resulting in dilution of the grade.